The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a flat bone located in the center of the chest of mammals, including dogs. It serves as a vital anatomical structure that provides support and protection to the thoracic cavity and serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ribs.
The sternum is a long, narrow bone that forms the anterior part of the rib cage in dogs. It is situated in the midline of the chest, running vertically from the base of the neck (manubrium) to the abdomen, where it meets the xiphoid process.
The sternum consists of several segments, or sternebrae, which are connected by flexible cartilage in young dogs and may fuse together with age.
Anatomical Features:
- Manubrium: The uppermost segment of the sternum, the manubrium, articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) and the first ribs. It provides attachment points for muscles involved in shoulder movement and stabilization.
- Body: The body of the sternum, or gladiolus, is the largest and longest part of the bone. It extends downward from the manubrium and serves as an attachment site for additional ribs and muscles of the chest and abdomen.
- Xiphoid Process: The xiphoid process is the smallest and most inferior segment of the sternum. It consists of cartilage in young dogs but may ossify, or harden, with age. The xiphoid process does not articulate with ribs and serves as an attachment site for abdominal muscles.
Function: The sternum plays several important roles in canine anatomy:
- Protection: The sternum provides protection to vital organs within the thoracic cavity, including the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
- Support: It serves as a central support structure for the rib cage, helping to maintain the integrity and shape of the chest cavity.
- Muscle Attachment: Various muscles of the chest, abdomen, and shoulders attach to the sternum, allowing for movements such as breathing, running, and jumping.
- Bone Marrow Production: The sternum contains bone marrow, which is responsible for the production of red and white blood cells and contributes to the dog’s immune function and overall health.
Clinical Significance: In veterinary medicine, the sternum may be involved in traumatic injuries, fractures, or developmental abnormalities that can affect breathing, movement, and overall health.
Treatment of sternum-related conditions may require diagnostic imaging, surgical intervention, and supportive care to ensure optimal recovery and function.
Related Terms: Rib cage, thoracic cavity, manubrium, xiphoid process, cartilage, musculoskeletal system, veterinary anatomy.